Grammar
Itt olyan tanulnivalókat találsz, amelyekkel nyelvtani finomságokat tanulsz meg és gyakorolsz be.
A tanulnivalók szintek szerint vannak rendszerezve. Az a javaslatom, kezdj alacsonyabb szintről, mint amilyenen vagy, úgy építsd fel a tudásodat. A jelenlegi tudásszintednél magasabb szintű blokkot ne csinálj, akármilyen csábító, hogy tanulhatsz valami igazán újat. Egyszerűen azért, mert a magyarázat is magasabb szintű, a feladat is nehezebb, ami simán lehet, hogy elveszi a kedved a további tanulástól. Ez pedig véletlenül sem cél, ugye?
Ezt feltétlen olvasd el!
Ezen az oldalon magyarázatokat és feladatokat találsz. A feladatok önjavítók, azonban ahhoz, hogy a javítást értelmezni tudd, pár dolgot fontos tudnod.
A következőkre figyelj az egyes feladattípusoknál:
Feleletválasztós teszt
Válaszd ki az egyetlen jó megoldást.
Ellenőrzéskor pirossal jelöli azt a választ, amit te adtál meg, és helytelen volt, zölddel pedig a helyes választ.
Többválasztós teszt (pipálgatós)
Pipáld be a szerinted helyes válaszokat.
Ellenőrzéskor látni fogod, miket pipáltál be, piros lesz az, amit nem kellett volna bepipálni, zöld pedig a helyes megoldás.
Gyakran azt kérem, hogy a helyes mondatokat pipáld be, a helyteleneket ne. Az ilyen típusú feladatoknál ellenőrzéskor, lejjebb görgetve, megtalálod a helytelen mondatokat helyesen is.
Kitöltős feladatok
Gépeld be a válaszaidat (a tab megnyomásával a következő rubrikára tudsz ugrani). Arra figyelj, hogy a gép csak 100%-os egyezést fogad el, ezért ne tegyél feleslegesen a beírandók végére plusz egy szóközt vagy írásjelet.
Ellenőrzéskor piros az, amit rosszul írtál, a vonal után pedig zárójelben megtalálod, mit kellett volna írni. Ha több lehetőség is van, azokat vesszővel elválasztva mindet láthatod. Azok közül bármelyiket írhattad volna. Fontos, hogy Te mindig csak EGY megoldást írj be. Ha pedig jó a válaszod, az zölden fog megjelenni.
Húzogatós feladatok
Egereddel kattints a húzni-való szóra, tartsd lenyomva a gombot, húzd a szót megfelelő helyre, és ott engedd el, ha megjelent egy sárga háttér.
Ellenőrzéskor pirossal jelzi, hogy amit oda húztál (azt sajnos nem mutatja, hogy mi volt), az nem volt jó. A helyes megoldás az, amit a piros keretben látsz. Ami pedig zöld, azt jó helyre húztad.
Az ellenőrzéshez a Kérdések megtekintése gombbal jutsz.
Jó gyakorlást a feladatokkal!
A1 – es szint
a lot of vs. lots of
Explanation
Both „a lot of” and „lots of” mean the same. They mean „many” or „much” but what is so cool about them is that you can use them anytime. Is a noun countable? Use them. Is a noun uncountable? Use them. It’s as simple as that. 🙂
There are three things to pay attention to:
1. Use „a” with LOT OF but don’t use it with LOTS OF:
I have a lot of questions.
I have lots of questions.
2. Use plural after them with countable nouns, and singular with uncountable nouns:
countable – e.g.: question
I have a lot of questions.
I have lots of questions.
uncountable – e.g.: time
I have a lot of time.
I have lots of time.
3. LOTS OF is more informal than A LOT OF, and they are both informal, compared to MUCH or MANY.
Is it possible to use these phrases without „of”?
– in the meaning of „much”/”many” ONLY when you give short answers:
How many questions do you have?
A lot. / Lots.
How much time do you need?
A lot. / Lots.
– in the meaning of „much” as a phrase to express degree (He is much older than me.):
He’s a lot older than me.
Be careful, here only A LOT is correct, don’t use LOTS!
He’s lots older than me.
Exercise
Now check your knowledge.
A2 – es szint
have vs. have got
Explanation
If we want to tell what is in our possession, we use „have” or „have got”.
Eg.:
I have a beautiful car.
I have got a beautiful car.
But what is the difference?
Well, in meaning there is NO difference. There is a difference in grammar, more exactly in the structure, the form.
HAVE
This is a verb, a normal verb (=a main verb), so it behaves like a verb in Present Simple. 🙂
Statement:
I have a car.
You have a car.
He has a car.
We have a car.
They have a car.
Negative:
I don’t have a car.
You don’t have a car.
He doesn’t have a car.
We don’t have a car.
They don’t have a car.
Question:
Do I have a car?
Do you have a car?
Does he have a car?
Do we have a car?
Do they have a car?
HAVE GOT
Here „have” is NOT a main verb, it’s an auxiliary (=segédige). So it behaves like an auxiliary. 🙂
Statement:
I have got a car. = I‘ve got a car.
You have got a car. = You’ve got a car.
He has got a car. = He’s got a car.
We have got a car. = We’ve got a car.
They have got a car. = They’ve got a car.
(The verb HAVE doesn’t have a short form. The auxiliary HAVE has a short form. Can you see?)
Negative:
I haven’t got a car.
You haven’t got a car.
He hasn’t got a car.
We haven’t got a car.
They haven’t got a car.
(The verb HAVE needs DO to form negative. The auxiliary HAVE doesn’t need anything, except „not”. Can you see?)
Question:
Have I got a car?
Have you got a car?
Has he got a car?
Have we got a car?
Have they got a car?
(The verb HAVE needs DO to form a question. The auxiliary HAVE simply changes place with the subject. Can you see?)
There is one more thing that you need to know: HAVE GOT has only the forms that you see above. It has NO future, past or any other form. The main verb HAVE, however, has all kinds of form:
E.g.:
I had a car.
I will have a car.
I like having a car.
I’d like to have a car.
Exercise
Now check your knowledge.
B1 – es szint
enough
Explanation
We usually use the word „enough” together with nouns, adjectives and adverbs. It means that the number or the quality is not too low.
All you have to remember is the formula, the place of „enough”:
enough + noun
adjective/adverb + enough
enough + noun:
I have enough money to buy that apartment.
The students didn’t have enough time to complete the test.
I have more than enough ideas to make my business successful.
Note: if the noun is countable, we use it in plural.
adjective/adverb + enough
I don’t need another car, mine is good enough.
I shouted in the answer but I wasn’t loud enough.
I couldn’t run quickly enough to beat him.
Exercise
Now check your knowledge.
B2 – es szint
more than one is
Explanation
Exercise
Now check your knowledge.
C1 – es szint
subjunctive after adjectives
Explanation
The subjunctive is a special verb form. This is basically the form that you find in the dictionary: sleep, run, suggest, be, etc.
The form is very simple, so the question is in what special cases we should use it.
One of the most frequent cases is when we start a sentence like this:
It is important that…
After this introduction, we must use the subjunctive form:
It is important that the concert start in time.
Can you see? Logically it should be „starts” as „concert” is in the third person singular. But as we started with „It is important that”, it requires subjunctive, that is, the form without any changes.
This „It is … that” introduction invites subjunctive if the adjective we use is related to „important”. Some other adjectives can be: essential, advisable, crucial, desirable, etc.
It’s essential that your student turn up in time.
It’s advisable that everybody wear a mask.
It is crucial that our meeting be held before the big event.
If you take a closer look, you can realize that a „should” can be inserted before the verb:
It’s essential that your student should turn up in time.
It’s advisable that everybody should wear a mask.
It is crucial that our meeting should be held before the big event.
This form is also acceptable. Actually, this form (=with „should”) is more acceptable in speaking, as the subjunctive is rather formal.
If you want to use it in negative, you simply insert „not” before the verb in the subjunctive form:
It is crucial that our meeting not be held today.
Exercise
Now check your knowledge.
Pronunciation
Ebben a blokkban olyan tanulnivalókat találsz, amelyekkel kiejtésedet csiszoljuk. Átnézzük a gyakran rosszul ejtett szavakat, ill. más kiejtési finomságokat is.
Ezek a leckék nincsenek szintekre bontva, mert a kiejtés nem szintfüggő. 🙂 Azonban itt is igaz, hogy napi egy leckénél ne tanulj többet, és minden új lecke előtt ismételd át a legutóbbi leckét is. Ez itt azt jelenti, hogy minimum háromszor mondd ki a szót, amit a leckékből tanultál, hogy emlékszel-e a kiejtésükre, és csak utána ugorj neki a következő leckének.
Vocabulary
Ebben a blokkban beszéltnyelvi, félreértésre okot adó, vagy éppen izgalmas kifejezéseket, nyelvi fordulatokat, idiómákat találsz.
Azt javaslom, napi egy blokknál ne tanulj többet, és minden új blokk előtt ismételd át a legutóbbi tananyagot (= csináld meg a feladatot, és ha kell olvasd el újra a magyarázatot is).
LIKE - different uses
LIKE has many meanings. It can be a verb, a noun, a preposition, etc. Let’s see how we use it in different contexts.
A1
1. love, enjoy
This is the very first meaning that we usually learn.
After the verb „like” we can use a noun. If possible, put it into plural, as what we like (or don’t like) applies to all of those things.
I like muffins.
I don’t like romantic movies.
If we want to talk about what activities we enjoy, we put the activity in -ing-form:
I like dancing.
Sam likes painting aquarelle.
2. Facebook like
In this meaning, it’s a noun. It means the symbol on Facebook. It indicates if you like something.
How many likes did your photo get?
A2
3. preposition, meaning ‘similar to’
When like is a preposition, it compares two (or more) items.
John is just like his father: selfish and arrogant.
In this sentence we express that John is similar to his father. Both of them are selfish and arrogant. „Just” in the sentence expresses that they are very-very similar, basically there’s no difference between them.
There is a typical question where we use „like” as a preposition:
What is it like? (=Milyen?)
It’s like a fish. (=Olyan, mint egy hal.)
Be careful, there is a big difference between
„What is it like?” and
„What does it like?”
What is it like? – „like” is a preposition
What does it like? – „like” is a verb
What is your dog like? – He’s cute!
What does your dog like? – He likes playing in the garden.
B1
4. for example
„Like” can also be an informal synonym of „for example”:
I’ve been to a lot of European countries, like Sweden, Spain or Norway.
In a conversation it is very common to hear it as a question: like what?
„I enjoy reading poems.”
„Like what?”
„Like I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud by Wordsworth.”
B2
5. -like
If you attach”like” to the end of a noun, it means that something or someone is similar to that noun. Not identical, just similar:
His doglike fidelity is unbelievable.
What is this castle-like building?
I can’t bear his child-like behavior.
6. Um…
„Like” can also be a filler, when it doesn’t mean anything at all, we just say it to give out some voice instead of silence while thinking.
I want … like … I need an hour to … like … to get dressed and put on make-up.
Don’t use this filler if you don’t feel confident about it.
C1
7. „or something like that”
When you say something and you feel that you haven’t chosen the right words, you can add a „like” to the end of your sentence.
I met the new doctor but he was rude, like.
8. reporting
Instead of „he said” in informal speech many people say „he was like” when reporting a conversation:
I told him to leave, then he was like „Why?” Then I was like „Because it’s too late”.
Practice
Now check your knowledge.
colors - idioms
beat sb. black and blue – hit somebody with your hands or some tool so hard that black and blue color bruises appear on the person’s skin
He was beaten black and blue and then abandoned.
black and white – it means that something is totally clear and obvious, as if it was a contract, printed on a white sheet in black ink.
The rules were black and white: no speaking during the exam.
black sheep (of/in the family) – someone who is different from the others, and it is a problem for the majority
He is the black sheep in the class as he always tells his opinion.
give sb. the green light – give premission
I was given the green light to carry out the new project.
turn gray – hair becomes gray (because someone is getting old)
She has turned grey throughout the years but I still find her the most beautiful woman in the world.
green with envy – being jelous
When he saw my new car, he got green with envy.
in the red – in debt
I hate being in the red, so I never apply for a bank loan.
once in a blue moon – very rarely
I talk to him once in a blue moon, but other than that we don’t keep in touch.
out of the blue – unexpectedly
He appeared out of the blue and claimed that I owed him a lot of money.
feel blue – feel sad
Why are you feeling blue? What’s happened?
see red – become furious
I saw red when the little guy tripped my daughter up in the sandbox.
a white lie – an innocent lie
I didn’t want to hurt her so I told her a white lie.
Practice
Now check your knowledge.